Pregledni znanstveni ?lanek

POVZETEK

Usmerjenost v odjemalce in zadovoljstvo odjemalcev sta pojma, ki sta vse bolj vpletena v strate�ke cilje in tudi kazalnike uspe�nosti poslovanja organizacij na vseh podro?jih, tudi v izobra�evanju. Prav tako je zadovoljstvo tako zunanjih kot notranjih odjemalcev � zaposlenih vgrajeno v sistem kazalcev evalviranja kakovosti. Pomen zadovoljstva se je pokazal tudi v modelu �Storitvene verige dobi?ka�, ki temelji na �tevilnih raziskavah, v katerih so bile empiri?no potrjene zveze med zadovoljstvom zaposlenih, zadovoljstvom odjemalcev in uspe�nostjo poslovanja, �e ve?, vzvod za delovanje modela so ravno zadovoljni zaposleni.

Zaradi spremenjenih okoli�?in v srednje�olskem izobra�evanju v Sloveniji, predvsem padanja �tevila rojstev in sprememb v sistemu financiranja srednjih �ol, so se morale �ole potruditi za ?im ve?ji vpis bodo?ih dijakov. Tako so prevzele tudi nekatere strategije in koncepte tr�nega pristopa. Skrb za dober ugled in zadovoljstvo udele�encev izobra�evalnega procesa sta bila sicer �e v preteklosti pomembna cilja tudi v srednjih �olah, vendar sta v zadnjem desetletju prav gotovo pridobila na pomenu. Poleg tega je pri�lo tudi do dolo?enih normativnih sprememb, saj Zakon o poklicnem in strokovnem izobra�evanju iz leta 2006 �olam nalaga, da letno opravijo evalvacijo kakovosti �ole, po priporo?ilih pa sta med kazalniki tudi zadovoljstvo u?iteljev in dijakov.

Klju?ne besede:
zadovoljstvo odjemalcev, storitvena veriga dobi?ka, kakovost v izobra�evanju, zadovoljstvo s �olo

SUMMARY

Customer orientation and customer satisfaction are two concepts that are more and more involved in the strategic objectives and in the indicator of success in all areas of the organization's management as well as in education. Moreover, the satisfaction of either external or internal customers is an integral feature in the system of the indicator of quality. The significance of satisfaction is also shown through the model �The Service Profit Chain� established on various researches, which has empirically confirmed links among employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction, revenue growth and profitability. Furthermore, the employees� satisfaction is the key factor in functioning of the model. Schools have been trying hard to keep their application numbers as high as possible because of altered circumstances within secondary school education in Slovenia but mainly because of the declining birth rate and changes in funding system of secondary schools. Therefore, they have adopted some of the market approach strategies and ideas. Even in the past, the concern of a good image and satisfaction of participants in the education process were important objectives in secondary schools. However, they have definitely gained their recognition in the last decade. Furthermore, certain standard changes have taken place as the Vocational and Technical Education Act from 2006 instructs schools to carry out an annual school quality evaluation containing teachers' and students' satisfaction indicators.

Key words:
customer satisfaction, service profit chain, quality in education process, satisfaction with school

Pregledni znanstveni ?lanek

POVZETEK

V raziskovalnem delu smo na osnovi metodologije iz �tudije �Evalvacija zadovoljstva s �olo: Metodolo�ki in vsebinski izzivi� (Trnav?evi? et al., 2008) pripravili visoko strukturirane ankete, s katerimi smo merili zadovoljstvo treh pomembnih dele�nikov �ole: dijakov, u?iteljev in star�ev. Kot izhodi�?e za postavljanje raziskovalnih hipotez smo uporabili model Storitvene verige dobi?ka, s tem da so nas zanimale samo zveze med zadovoljstvom zaposlenih in zadovoljstvom odjemalcev (dijakov in star�ev). Z metodo bivariatne korelacije smo potrdili zveze med zadovoljstvom dijakov in zadovoljstvom star�ev, nismo pa potrdili zveze med zadovoljstvom u?iteljev in zadovoljstvom dijakov in zadovoljstvom star�ev. S prepoznavanjem storitvene vrzeli smo identificirali kriti?ne dejavnike zadovoljstva, ki so zanesljiva informacijska osnova za ukrepanje na podro?ju zagotavljanja kakovosti.

Klju?ne besede:
zadovoljstvo s �olo, storitvena veriga dobi?ka, analiza kriti?nih dejavnikov zadovoljstva, zveza med zadovoljstvom u?iteljev in dijakov, star�ev

ABSTRACT

The empirical section of the paper, which is based on the methodology from the study �Evalvacija zadovoljstva s �olo: Metodolo�ki in vsebinski izzivi� / �School Satisfaction Evaluation: Methodological and content challenges� (Trnav?evi? et al., 2008), presents a highly structured survey prepared for measuring the satisfaction of three important school stakeholders: students, teachers and parents. Research hypotheses have been set on the basis of the model �The Service Profit Chain�, but we have been interested only in the relationship among employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction (students and parents). With the method of bivariate correlation, the link between students' satisfaction and parents' satisfaction has been confirmed, but the links between teachers' satisfaction and students' satisfaction and parents' satisfaction has not been confirmed. By recognising service gap, we have identified the critical factors of satisfaction, which are the base for improvements in quality of educations.

Key words:
satisfaction with school, service profit chain, analysis of critical satisfaction factors, correlation between teacher and pupils, as well as parents

Strokovni ?lanek

Povzetek
Predstavil bom dokazno breme v kazenskem postopku in podrobneje predstavil. kdo ga nosi v posameznih fazah postopka. Osredoto?il se bom predvsem na sedaj veljavni slovenski pravni red, vendar pa je potrebno za celovito razumenje predstaviti tudi nekaj kazenskih postopkov, ki so se razvijali skozi zgodovino in jih danes v njihovi ?isti obliki prakti?no ne najdemo nikjer ve?, najdemo le nekatere njihove posamezne elemente. Torej za?en�i z zgodovinskim pregledom kazenskih postopkov je potrebno izpostaviti akuzatorni oziroma adversarni postopek, ter inkvizitorni, ki je akuzatornemu popolno nasprotje. Sledi del o tem, kdo v slovenskem pravnem redu nosi dokazno breme. Najpogosteje je to dr�avni to�ilec, ki opravlja funkcijo pregona, redkeje pa tudi o�kodovanec in sicer tedaj, ko je Kazenski zakonik v posameznih ?lenih izrecno dolo?il, da se kaznivo dejanje preganja na zasebno to�bo (primer kazniva dejanja zoper ?ast in dobro ime) in v primeru, da dr�avni to�ilec iz razli?nih razlogov odstopi od pregona in pregon v to?no dolo?en ?asu nadaljuje o�kodovanec. Za tem govorim �e na splo�no o dokaznem bremenu, v katerih pravnih virih je to urejeno, torej tako v Zakonu o kazenskem postopku (ZKP), kot tudi v Ustavi RS. Na koncu pa sledi �e pregled celotnega postopka v slovenskem pravnem redu, pregled posameznih faz in vi�ina dokaznega bremena oziroma dokaznih standardov v posameznih delih kazenskega postopka.

Klju?ne besede: kazensko procesno pravo, dokazno breme, dr�avni to�ilec, kazenski postopek...

Abstract:
I will present a burden of proof in criminal proceeding and who bears it in individual stages of proceeding in more detail. I will mostly focus on Slovenian legislation which is in force these days. However, to be entirety understandable I also need to introduce some criminal proceedings, developing through history which nowadays are not to be found anywhere as a whole but only partially in inforce legislation. Therefore, beginning with the historical overview of criminal proceedings we need to emphasize an adversary and an inquest proceeding which are a total opposite to the adversary one. Then follows the part where I present who bears the burden of proof in Slovenian criminal proceeding. Most frequently this is a public procecutor who has a prosecution function with a few exceptions. Hardly ever does the burden of proof bear the injured party and this is when the Criminal code (KZ-1) explicitly defines that a criminal act is persecuted by private prosecution (for example, criminal acts against honour and a good name) and in case when a public prosecutor withdraws from the prosecution of a criminal proceeding with a reason (for example, lack of evidence) and the criminal proceeding is continued by the injured party. Later on I will explain the burden of proof in general and what legislation it is defined by, that is the Criminal procedure act (ZKP) as well as the Constitution of Republic of Slovenia. To conclude, I will present a short overview of the whole process of Slovenian criminal proceeding and the amount of the burden of proof or standards of proof in individual stages of criminal proceeding.

Keywords: criminal procedural law, burden of proof, public prosecutor, criminal proceeding...

Strokovni ?lanek

Izvle?ek

Zaradi vse ve?jega prispevka k celotnemu gospodarstvu ter poudarjanju pozitivnega u?inka na dru�bo in posameznike je postalo sodelovalno oziroma delitveno gospodarstvo (sharing/collaborative economy) v zadnjih letih predmet pogostih obravnav v javnosti, v dr�avnih organih in organih Evropske skupnosti. Namen prispevka je predstaviti razli?ne poglede na sodelovalno gospodarstvo ter na primeru Airbnb in Uber tudi t.i. 'temno plat', ki je bila zaradi spretne retorike o njem pogosto potisnjena v ozadje. Prika�emo, kako se novi poslovni modeli, ki so bili do nedavnega zaradi t.i. tehnolo�kih posebnosti obravnavani izven okvira regulative tradicionalnih sektorjev, po?asi, vendar vztrajno vpenjajo v obstoje?e predpise. S tem se zaklju?uje obdobje 'medenih tednov' udele�encev v sodelovalnem gospodarstvu.

Klju?ne besede: tehnolo�ke platforme, sodelovalno gospodarstvo, delitvena ekonomija, Airbnb, Uber, pravna regulacija

Abstract

For the last few years, sharing or collaborative economy has become a frequently discussed topic in public, state authorities and European Union institutions. There are at least two reasons for that: increasing contribution of sharing/collaborative economy to economic growth and exposure of its positive effect to overall society and individuals. The purpose of this paper is to present different views on sharing/collaborative economy and on the case of Airbnb and Uber also discuss its 'dark side'. We highlight how new business models based on technological platforms slowly get their position in the framework of existing sectorial regulation. It can be concluded that the 'honeymoon' time of avoiding regulations is over.

Key words: technology-based platforms, sharing economy, collaborative economy, Airbnb, Uber, legal regulation

IBS Mednarodna poslovna �ola Ljubljana